Formulas for Quantitative Emission Targets
Source: Harvard University, Kennedy School of Government, Faculty Research Working Paper Series

Addressing the Risks of Climate Change: The Environmental Effectiveness and Economic Efficiency of Emissions Caps and Tradable Permits, Compared to Carbon Taxes (PDF; 158 KB)
Source: American Consumer Institute

Formulas for Quantitative Emission Targets
Source: Harvard University, Kennedy School of Government, Faculty Research Working Paper Series
"Given the following three-part premise: (1) Global Climate Change is a huge and genuine problem, as is now more widely recognized than even a few years ago. (2) the Kyoto Protocol, and the UNFCCC within which it sits, constitute the only multilateral framework we have to address the problem, and (3) the Protocol as actually negotiated in 1997 or as it went into force in 2005 is inadequate This paper assumes the pressing need for new ideas as to how to proceed to address the emission of Greenhouse Gases. This paper argues that - given the combination of political, economic, and scientific realities as they are - Kyoto is a good foundation, a good first stepping stone on the most practical path if we are to address the Global Warming problem more seriously. To move things a step further, this paper tries to take a constructive approach, by asking what are the desiderata, the requirements, for a second step in the process, a successor to the Kyoto regime of 2008-2012, one that would build on what is good about it and fix what is most lacking."
+ Full Paper (PDF; 395 KB) Permalink The Docuticker

Addressing the Risks of Climate Change: The Environmental Effectiveness and Economic Efficiency of Emissions Caps and Tradable Permits, Compared to Carbon Taxes (PDF; 158 KB)
Source: American Consumer Institute

From Exexutive Summary (PDF; 157 KB):
"A new research study, authored by national economist and former Undersecretary of Commerce for Economic Affairs, Dr. Robert Shapiro and sponsored by the American Consumer Institute, finds that carbon taxes would be a better response to the risks of global warming than emissions caps and tradable permits (commonly referred to as cap-and-trade). Examining the potential effectiveness, efficiency and administrative challenges of the two strategies for addressing climate change, Dr. Shapiro's study finds that carbon taxes are a more effective way to lower emissions than a cap-and-trade program, because they force businesses and industries to choose between 1) reducing carbon consumption and increasing energy efficiency; or 2) paying the higher energy cost - and that choice provides the right incentives for countries and companies to reduce their CO2 emissions." Permalink Docuticker