November 15

Suez Crisis, 1956

Africa Egypt Trackbacks (0)

Remembering Suez
This series of articles and features recounts the Suez Crisis of 1956, which "erupted over the Egyptian president's decision to nationalise the Suez Canal." Provides background material, commentary, maps, a timeline, images, audio and video clips, and articles on topics such as parallels with Iraq, and the Suez Crisis and the media. From BBC News.
URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5199392.stm
LII Item: http://lii.org/cs/lii/view/item/24844

Annotation coyright of LII.ORG 

November 15

Civilians In Armed Conflict. UN Report

War Civilians in armed conflict Trackbacks (0)

The sixth report of the Secretary-General on the Protection of civilians in armed confict has been issued (S/2007/643). The report highlights four challenges:

  • the denial of life-saving access to civilians in need;
  • the abhorrent practice of sexual violence in conflicts and its devastating impact on individuals and communities;
  • the critical need to address more consistently the impact of conflict on housing, land and property; and
  • the importance of eliminating the unacceptable humanitarian toll of cluster munitions.

The report concludes with recommended actions for the Security Council's consideration.

Permanent Link: Civilians in armed conflict UN Pulse  

November 14

Africa: Gender, Poverty And Environmental Indicators, 2007

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Gender, Poverty and Environmental Indicators on African Countries 2007
314 pages; PDF

This is the eighth volume of Gender, Poverty and Environmental Indicators on African Countries published by the Statistics Department of the African Development Bank Group. As from this year’s edition, we innovate by presenting a special feature article on various gender, poverty and environmental issues of interest to Africa’s development agenda. The publication also provides some information on the broad development trends relating to gender, poverty and environmental issues in the 53 African countries. Gender, Poverty and Environmental Indicators on African Countries 2007 was prepared by the Economic and Social Statistics Division of the Statistics Department.

Source: African Development Bank Group (via Basefsky’s IWS Documented News Service)

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November 14

F. W. De Klerk Speaks At Harvard [Webcast]

South Africa Trackbacks (0)

Webcast: From Apartheid To Democracy: Former South African President F. W. de Klerk Speaks at Harvard
President F. W. de Klerk, Anthony James Leon, Mr. Robert Rotberg

++ MP3
++ Real Video
++ Windows Video
++ QuickTime Video

Recorded on October 7, 2007
Source: Harvard, JFK School of Government

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November 14

South Africa: 2007 State Of The Public Service Report. Public Service Commission

Public services South Africa Trackbacks (0)

2007 State of the Public Service Report

 From InsidePolitics blog

November 14

InsidePolitics, A Blog Devoted To The Analysis Of South African Politics

South Africa Trackbacks (0)

InsidePolitics - a blog designed to give you the inside track on and the best analysis of South African politics.

It has a number of  features, including our series called “ What is it?” – a compilation of easy-to-understand political definitions and “Quotable Quotes”– various collections of the more outrageous political statements that make it into the public domain.

On top of that the site will have regular contributions from a range of public representatives and political commentators, offering insights on breaking stories and analysis of South Africa’s political landscape.

In other words, the site also serves as a valuable political resource.

All our older stories are logged in our Archives section.

The last seven stories appear on the front page, the remaining stories for the current month appear in scroll-down format in the Archives section. Stories older than that are accessible in two ways – first there is a easy to access list of the last 100 posts on InsidePolitics and second, there is a search function for any stories older than that.

If you are interested in South African politics, and if you want the inside track on what’s happening behind the scenes, we suggest you take a moment to add InsidePolitics to your favourites list and visit the site on a regular basis...
From : About InsidePolitics

Thanks to my colleague, Ingrid Thomson, for telling me about this site. 

November 14

Economic, Social And Cultural Rights

United Nations Trackbacks (0)

The report of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on its 36th and 37th sessions has been issued (E/2007/22). The states parties' reports considered include: Monaco, Liechtenstein, Canada, Mexico, Morocco, Albania, El Salvador, Tajikistan, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and the Netherlands. Annex I includes a comprehensive table on the status of submission of reports providing citation to the reports, the meeting records, and the concluding observations of the committee for all states parties. UN Pulse Permanent Link: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

November 13

Are China And India Reshaping The World? Global Growth And Distribution

China World Bank India Trackbacks (0)

Global growth and distribution : are China and India reshaping the world?
Source: World Bank Policy Research Working Papers

Over the past 20 years, aggregate measures of global inequality have changed little even if significant structural changes have been observed. High growth rates of China and India lifted millions out of poverty, while the stagnation in many African countries caused them to fall behind. Using the World Bank’s LINKAGE global general equilibrium model and the newly developed Global Income Distribution Dynamics (GIDD) tool, this paper assesses the distribution and poverty effects of a scenario where these trends continue in the future. Even by anticipating a deceleration, growth in China and India is a key force behind the expected convergence of per-capita incomes at the global level. Millions of Chinese and Indian consumers will enter into a rapidly emerging global middle class-a group of people who can afford, and demand access to, the standards of living previously reserved mainly for the residents of developed countries. Notwithstanding these positive developments, fast growth is often characterized by high urbanization and growing demand for skills, both of which result in widening of income distribution within countries. These opposing distributional effects highlight the importance of analyzing global disparities by taking into account - as the GIDD does - income dynamics between and within countries.

+ Full Paper (PDF; 903 KB)

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November 13

Graft In Developing-Country Firms

Bribery and Corruption Trackbacks (0)

The incidence of graft on developing-country firms
Source: World Bank Policy Research Working Papers

This paper measures the extent to which firms in developing countries are the target of bribes. Using new firm-level survey data from 33 African and Latin American countries, we first show that perceptions adjust slowly to firms’ experience with corrupt officials and hence are an imperfect proxy for the true incidence of graft. We then construct an experience-based index that reflects the probability that a firm will be asked for a bribe in order to complete a specified set of business transactions. On average, African firms are three times as likely to be asked for bribes as are firms in Latin America, although there is substantial variation within each region. Last, we show that graft appears to be more prevalent in countries with excessive regulation and where democracy is weak. In particular, our results suggest that the incidence of graft in Africa would fall by approximately 85 percent if countries in the region had levels of democracy and regulation similar to those that exist in Latin America.

+ Full Paper (PDF; 950 KB)

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November 12

The Open Political Science Journal, And The Open Urban Studies Journal

Urban Studies Political Science Journals Trackbacks (0)

The Open Political Science Journal

The Open Political Science Journal is an Open Access online journal which publishes original research articles, reviews and short articles in all areas of political science. Areas that are covered include : American politics; Comparative politics; International relations; Political theory; Political methodology; Public administration; Public policy; Public law; Gender and sexuality; Race and ethnicity.

The Open Political Science Journal, a peer reviewed journal, aims to provide the most complete and reliable source of information on current developments and research in political science. The emphasis will be on publishing quality articles rapidly and freely available worldwide.

 

The Open Urban Studies Journal

 The Open Urban Studies Journal is an Open Access online journal which publishes original research articles, reviews and short articles in the field of urban and regional studies. Topics covered include the: theory, methods, planning, development, analysis, design, policies and programs applied to urban studies.

The Open Urban Studies Journal, a peer reviewed journal, aims to provide the most complete and reliable source of information on current developments and research in the field. The emphasis will be on publishing quality articles rapidly and freely available worldwide.

November 09

Zimbabwe: Final Report On Partisan Policing

Zimbabwe Trackbacks (0)
http://www.ibanet.org/images/downloads/11_2007_October_Report_Zimbabwe_Partisan_policing_Final.pdf
November 08

Phony Intelligence In The Origins Of The Iraq War

IRAQ United States of America Trackbacks (0)

The Record on CURVEBALL: Declassified Documents and Key Participants Show the Importance of Phony Intelligence in the Origins of the Iraq War
Source: National Security Archive

Rafid Ahmed Alwan’s charges that Iraq possessed stockpiles of biological weapons and the mobile plants to produce them formed a critical part of the U.S. justification for the invasion in Spring 2003. Secretary of State Colin L. Powell’s celebrated and globally televised briefing to the United Nations Security Council on February 5, 2003, relied on CURVEBALL as the main source of intelligence on the biological issue.

Today the National Security Archive posts the available public record on CURVEBALL’s information derived from declassified sources and former officials’ accounts.

While most of the documentary record on the issue remains classified, the materials published here today underscore the precarious nature of the intelligence gathering and analytical process, and point to the existence of doubts about CURVEBALL’s authenticity before his charges were featured in the Bush administration’s public claims about Iraq.

Documents in PDF

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November 08

Pakistan: Text Of The Proclamation Of Emergency

Pakistan Trackbacks (0)

Text of the Proclamation of Emergency declared by Chief of the Army Staff General Pervez Musharraf (PDF; 8 KB)
Source: JURIST (University of Pittsburgh School of Law)

Proclamation of Emergency, General Pervez Musharraf, November 3, 2007 [declaring emergency rule in Pakistan and suspending the constitution, citing interference by the judiciary in government policy].

See also: Order against Pakistan emergency rule [Pakistan Supreme Court)

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November 08

US Counter-Terrorism And Human Rights

Terrorism & Counter-Terrorism Human Rights United States of America Trackbacks (0)

US counter-terrorism and human rights report
Source: JURIST (University of Pittsburgh School of Law)

Mission to the United States of America, report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, UN Human Rights Council, October 29, 2007 [calling on the US to quickly prosecute or release terror suspects detained at Guantanamo Bay so that the US can close the detention center].

+ Full Text (Word; 493 KB)

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November 08

Development Results In Middle Income Countries. World Bank

Development World Bank Middle income countries Trackbacks (0)
The World Bank’s support in fostering growth and reducing poverty has contributed to the considerable economic success of MIC countries. But to produce greater development benefits, it has to become more agile and draw upon MICs’ own capacity much more systematically, connecting such capabilities to help low-income countries and to tackle global challenges. The Bank’s work has to more clearly demonstrate best practice to deliver impact beyond its limited direct role.                  Source: World Bank

+ What are Middle-Income Countries?
+ Executive Summary (PDF; 3.5 MB
Download full report in sections or as single document (PDF; 3.1 MB)

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November 08

India: Urbanisation And Economic Growth

Economic conditions and policy India Urbanisation Trackbacks (0)

Urbanization in India: Integral Part of Economic Growth
Source: World Bank

Urbanization is not a side effect of economic growth; it is an integral part of the process. As in most countries, India’s urban areas make a major contribution to the country’s economy. Although less than 1/3 of India’s people live in cities and towns, these areas generate over 2/3 of the country’s GDP and account for 90% of government revenues.

India’s towns and cities have expanded rapidly as increasing numbers migrate to towns and cities in search of economic opportunity. Slums now account for 1/4 of all urban housing. In Mumbai, more than half the population lives in slums, many of which are situated near employment centers in the heart of town, unlike in most other cities in developing countries.

Meeting the needs of India’s soaring urban populations is and will continue to be a strategic policy matter. Critical issues that need to be addressed are:

  • Poor local governance
  • Weak finances
  • Inappropriate planning that leads to high costs of housing and office space; in some Indian cities costs are among the highest in the world
  • Critical infrastructure shortages and major service deficiencies that include erratic water and power supply, and woefully inadequate transportation systems
  • Rapidly deteriorating environment

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November 08

South Asia Analysis Group (SAAG)

IRAQ Afghanistan Pakistan India Sri Lanka South Asia Trackbacks (0)
South Asia Analysis Group The South Asia Analysis Group (SAAG) is an independent think tank which specialises in research relating to regional security in South Asia. Key areas of concern include the foreign and security policy of India and Pakistan, nuclear weapons crises, conflict in Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Iraq and the fight against terrorism. The web site provides information on the purpose of the group and its current activities. It includes access to many of its full text papers and articles.
http://www.saag.org
November 08

Pakistan

Pakistan Trackbacks (0)

Pakistan: South Asian Analysis Group resources The South Asia Analysis Group (SAAG) is an independent think tank which specialises in research relating to regional security in South Asia. This section of its website provides free access to some articles and papers about Pakistan. Key areas of interest include political violence, international security, terrorism and Al-Qaeda; relations with India; nuclear weapons threats and the military rule of General Musharraf. Materials are avaiable from the late 1990s onwards.
http://www.saag.org/searchb10.asp?search=pakistan&searchtype=all

 Pakistan: Amnesty International resources This site provides free access to a collection of press releases, news headlines and full-text papers and reports relating to Pakistan which have been published by Amnesty International since 1996. They cover all aspects of human rights in the region. Topics covered include evidence of human rights abuses, political violence, the military rule of General Musharraf and the conduct of elections.
http://web.amnesty.org/library/eng-pak/index

Pakistan: Human Rights watch resources This site is maintained by leading group Human Rights Watch. It provides free access to a collection of press releases, briefings and reports relating to human rights in Pakistan from 1993 to the present day. These include coverage of the conduct of elections, the military rule of General Musharraf and state of civil liberties in the region.
http://hrw.org/doc?t=asia&c=pakist

From Intute.ac.uk 

 

November 08

Water, Environment And Sanitation And Child And Family Health. UNICEF

United Nations Health Children Families Trackbacks (0)

Background and updates on drinking water and sanitation issues around the world, focusing on child and family health, hygiene, and access to sanitation facilities. Features stories about the impact of sanitation improvement activities, water and sanitation country profiles, statistics, video clips, and general and technical documents. From UNICEF.
URL: http://www.unicef.org/wes/
LII Item: http://lii.org/cs/lii/view/item/24852

Annotation copyright of LII.ORG 

November 07

Developing Countries In International Trade 2007 - Trade And Development Index. UNCTAD

Development UNCTAD Trade Trackbacks (0)

The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has launched the second installment of its Developing Countries in International Trade 2007 - Trade and Development Index (TDI). The TDI is a comprehensive tool that help governments, especially those struggling with poverty and sluggish development, to determine what to do to participate more effectively in the global economy and to benefit from world trade to speed up national economic growth, create jobs and improve general well-being. A new feature of this year´s edition is a series of country profiles for each of the 123 countries represented in the analysis.

UN Pulse  Permanent Link: 2007 Trade and Development Index
November 06

Impact Of Globalisation On Industrial Relations: EU States, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Japan, South Africa And The US

China United States of America South Africa European Union India Brazil Trackbacks (0)

Impact of globalisation on industrial relations in the EU and other major economies
Source: Eurofound

This report looks at industrial relations systems across 25 EU Member States and seven global economies: Australia, Brazil, China, India, Japan, South Africa and the US. It explores the most significant effects of globalisation, including labour market flexibilisation, increasing labour migration, the rise of atypical employment forms, as well as changes in work content and working conditions. Through an analysis of the various components of industrial relations systems (actors, processes, outcomes and impact), it tries to identify which type of social model may survive in terms of global competition.

+ Full Report (PDF; 1.1 MB)

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November 06

Foreign Policy And National Security Implications Of Global Climate Change

Climate Change Policy Peace and Peacekeeping Trackbacks (0)

The Age of Consequences: The Foreign Policy and National Security Implications of Global Climate Change
Source: Center for Strategic & International Studies

In August 2007, a Russian adventurer descended 4,300 meters under the thinning ice of the North Pole to plant a titanium flag, claiming some 1.2 million square kilometers of the Arctic for mother Russia. Not to be outdone, the Prime Minister of Canada stated his intention to boost his nation’s military presence in the Arctic, with the stakes raised by the recent discovery that the icy Northwest Passage has become navigable for the first time in recorded history. Across the globe, the spreading desertification in the Darfur region has been compounding the tensions between nomadic herders and agrarian farmers, providing the environmental backdrop for genocide. In Bangladesh, one of the most densely populated countries in the world, the risk of coastal flooding is growing and could leave some 30 million people searching for higher ground in a nation already plagued by political violence and a growing trend toward Islamist extremism. Neighboring India is already building a wall along its border with Bangladesh. More hopefully, the award of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize to Vice President Al Gore and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is a clear recognition that global warming poses not only environmental hazards but profound risks to planetary peace and stability as well.

+ Full Document (PDF; 2.1 MB)

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November 06

LSE Archives: Government And Politics

United Kingdom Trackbacks (0)

LSE Archives: Government and politics

The archives of the LSE (London School of Economics and Political Science) cover modern British political, economic and social history from the mid 19th century to the present day. The government and politics collection contains election ephemera from British general elections from 1945 onwards; papers of politicians, civil servants and materials from the main political parties. Specialist areas include: the Fabian Society; Liberal Democrat Party, Independent Labour Party; Liberal Party and Tory Reform Group. The website provides access to the Archives catalogue, handlists and briefing papers with more detail on individual collections. From Intute.ac.uk
http://www.lse.ac.uk/library/archive/gutoho/election_ephemera.htm

November 06

Pakistan

Pakistan Trackbacks (0)

Pakistan: Human Security Gateway resources
The Human Security gateway is a joint project of the Human Security Centre (HSC) and the Canadian Consortium on Human Security (CCHS University of British Columbia. It aims to provide researchers with a searchable database of links to key websites, full-text reports, journal articles, news items and fact sheets relating to human security worldwide. Human security is defined as the protection of individuals from wars, civil wars and violence. It website enables users to search or browse by country or topic. Topics covered include: peace keeping operations, children and armed conflict, international humanitarian law, gender and security and refugees. Each resource has an added description of content. The section on Pakistan includes coverage of political violence in Pakistan; the military rule of General Musharraf; relations with India, the conflict in Kashmir and security and nuclear weapons.
http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/browse.php?By=REGION&Selection=154

Pakistan's political crisis 2007: BBC special report This site was created by the BBC news service to provide coverage of the 2007 political crisis in Pakistan. It offers free access to news stories, analysis, audio and video clips of BBC programme coverage. Also provided are biographies of keu players such as Benazir Bhutto and General Musharref and timelines of key events.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/south_asia/2007/pakistan/default.stm

 

From Intute.ac.uk 

November 06

2010 World Population And Housing Census

United Nations Population Housing Trackbacks (0)

The website of the 2010 World Population and Housing Census Programme facilitates the international exchange and sharing of knowledge and information on census taking, as well as provision of guidance to countries, and monitoring progress on the implementation of the Programme. A major component of the website is the census knowledge base that is a repository of documents on census methodology, including reports on what has been done by countries during their censuses. The 2010 World Programme is primarily aimed at ensuring that each Member State conducts a population and housing census at least once in the period from 2005 to 2014 and disseminate the results.

UN Pulse  Permanent Link: 2010 World Population and Housing

November 06

United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees Report, 2006-2007

United Nations Displaced persons and Refugees Trackbacks (0)

The report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) covering the period from January 2006 to mid-2007 is now available (A/62/12). The report noted that a significant increase in the numbers of persons of concern to UNHCR brought new challenges in 2006.

UN Pulse Permanent Link: UN High Commissioner for Refugees

 

November 06

Positioning Power: Alliance Politics At Play : Development Dialogue, Isandla Institute

South Africa Political parties Trackbacks (0)

Isandla Institute and the Open Society Foundation for South Africa invite you to a Development Dialogue on

 

 Positioning power: Alliance politics at play   

 

 

Thursday 22 November 2007, 16h30 - 18h00 

(tea and coffee served beforehand, please be seated at 16h30)    


Venue to be confirmed, Cape Town
 


The build up to the ANC National Conference in Polokwane in December shows that the internal politics between and within the ANC, COSATU and SACP are intensifying. Alliance partners have recently expressed robust statements on key issues, suggesting that they are seeking to position themselves as ‘kingpins’ with respect to leadership and policy direction of the ANC. But the positioning does not only happen between alliance partners; we also see significant internal manoeuvring of groupings/factions within each party and this is likely to intensify in weeks to come. Clearly, the forthcoming ANC National Conference is significant not only from the perspective of the leadership question, but (and intricately linked with the leadership issue) also for marking future policy in the post-Mbeki era and in suggesting who/what will be the dominant ideological and strategic forces in the fourth democratic dispensation (2009-2014). Are these dynamics a sign of a healthy, vibrant political culture or is it indicative of problems with the current political culture and existing systems and procedures for engagement and debate? The Development Dialogue will seek to shed light on the current dynamics, what they mean for the future of the Alliance and for democratic politics more broadly.

 

Yunus Carrim, MP (Member of the SACP) and Prof Sipho Seepe (political commentator, t.b.c.) have been invited to share their perspectives on these questions.


The Development Dialogue will be held on Thursday 22 November 2007 from 16h30-18h00 in Cape Town. The venue will be confirmed. Tea and coffee are made available between 16h00-16h30. Kindly note that the event will start at 16h30. Afterwards, there will be an opportunity for informal interaction over drinks and snacks. 


If you are interested in attending this event, please r.s.v.p. on admin@isandla.org.za by Thursday 15 November. You will receive confirmation of your attendance.

 
We look forward to seeing you there!

 

 

Isandla Institute
PO Box 12263
Mill Street, Gardens 8010
Tel: + 27 21 465 8751
Fax: + 27 21 465 8769
Email: admin@isandla.org.za
Website: www.isandla.org.za

November 04

China’S 400 Richest, 2007

China Trackbacks (0)

Lists & Rankings: China’s 400 Richest, 2007

Sort By:
+ Rank
+ Name
+ Net Worth
+ Age
+ Company

Top of the List
Profiles for all list members are included:
1. Yang Huiyan
2. Hui Wing Mau
3. Guo Guangchang
4. Zhang Li
5. Zhang Jindong
6. Peng, Xiaofeng
7. Zhang Xin
8. Lu Zhiqiang
9. Yung, Larry
10. Wong Kwong Yu

Source: Forbes

Resourceshelf

November 04

MDG Monitor

United Nations Millenium Development Goals Trackbacks (0)

Description via UN Pulse:
MDG Monitor, a new UN website has been launched. A tool for policymakers, development practitioners, journalists, and students, MDG Monitor aims to track in real time, efforts by countries to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. The site includes interactive maps, country profiles, and news (RSS feed).

Source: UN Pulse

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November 01

UN Reform.From: Overseas Development Institute

United Nations Trackbacks (0)

UN reform: Overseas Development Institute resources

This site is maintained by the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) an independent British think tank on international development and humanitarian issues. This section of its website provides free access to a collection of its full text working papers, briefings and reports relating to the reform of the United Nations. These focus mainly on the role of the UN with regard to development and humanitarian aid issues. materials generally relate from 2004 onwards. From Intute.ac.uk
http://www.odi.org.uk/portals/un/

November 01

Globalization Index 2007

Globalisation Trackbacks (0)

Globalization Index 2007

This index is published annually by Foreign Policy magazine in partnership with A.T. Kearney to measure countries on their economic, personal, technological, and political integration. Users may download charts and tables which rank and compare the nations in terms of a number of factors relating to globalization. These include: international trade, membership of international organisation, internet access. There is some historical comparison with data from 2006. Information on the methodology used to compiled the datasets is provided. From Intute.ac.uk
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3995

November 01

Nicolas Sarkozy

Policy France Trackbacks (0)

Nicolas Sarkozy: The Hyperpresident
Source: The Brookings Institution

Sarkozy’s honeymoon, of course, will not last forever. The vested interests who oppose change will resist and try to sabotage his reforms, the government will inevitably make mistakes, and, eventually, the opposition will find its feet (and new leaders). Most important, if recent signs that the French economy is slowing bear out, the government’s popularity—and its abilityto implement its promised reforms—will take a severe hit, as unemployment and budget deficits mount. Even so, it is hard to avoid the conclusion that something significant has happened in France. The French have elected a leader who has promised to break with thirty years of welfare-state stasis at home and conventional risk-averse diplomacy abroad, and whose energy, dynamism and ambition have not been seen since the foundation of the Fifth Republic in 1 958. Sarkozy’s success in reforming France over the next five years is far from guaranteed. More certain is that this determined hyperprésident is going to try, and that France will never be the same again.

+ Full Paper (PDF; 180 KB)

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November 01

Afghanistan: Women In Post-Conflict Nation-Building

Afghanistan Women Nation-building Trackbacks (0)

Women and Human Security: The Case of Post Conflict Afghanistan
Source: WIIS Words (via RAND Corporation)

A study recently conducted by the RAND Corporation looked at the role of women in post-conflict nation-building, with particular focus on Afghanistan. Our findings suggest that a stronger emphasis on the broader concept of human security from the earliest phases of the nation-building effort; a focus on establishing governance on the principles of equity and consistent rule of law from the start; and, as a component of both of these things, women’s earliest inclusion in reconstruction activities are likely to improve the outcomes of post-conflict nation-building.

+ Full Document (PDF; 2.8 MB)

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