FORCED AND COERCED STERILIZATION OF WOMEN WORLDWIDE

Women Sterilisation Trackbacks (0)

AGAINST HER WILL...  The Open Society Foundation

Women worldwide have been forced or coerced by medical personnel to submit to permanent and irreversible sterilization procedures. Despite condemnation from the United Nations, cases of forced and coerced sterilization have been reported in North and South America, Africa, Asia, and Europe. Women who are poor or stigmatized are most likely to be deemed “unworthy” of reproduction. Perpetrators are seldomly held accountable and victims rarely obtain justice for this violent abuse of their rights.

Forced and coerced sterilizations are grave violations of medical ethics and can be described as acts of torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment. Forcefully ending a woman’s reproductive capacity may lead to extreme social isolation, family discord or abandonment, fear of medical professionals, and lifelong grief.


This Open Society Foundations fact sheet provides information on instances of forced sterilization of racial and ethnic minorities, poor women, women living with HIV, and women with disabilities. It also provides recommendations for governments, medical professionals, UN agencies, and donors to end the practice of forced and coerced sterilization.

Because I Am A Girl... PLAN

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The State of the World’s Girls 2011 - So, what about boys?' is the fifth in a series of annual reports published by Plan examining the rights of girls throughout their childhood, adolescence and as young women.

 

The report shows that far from being an issue just for women and girls, gender is also about boys and men, and that this needs to be better understood if we are going to have a positive impact on societies and economies.

Drawing on research and case studies, the report argues that working for equality must involve men and boys both as holders of power and as a group that is also suffering the consequences of negative gender stereotypes.

It also makes recommendations for action, showing policy makers and planners what can make a real difference to girls’ lives all over the world.

Download summary pdf: English

Download youth summary pdf: English

Download pdf: English

About PLAN:

Founded over 70 years ago, Plan is one of the oldest and largest children's development organisations in the world. We work in 50 developing countries across Africa, Asia and the Americas to promote child rights and lift millions of children out of poverty.

Plan works with nearly 38,000 communities each year, covering a population of 28,200,000 children.

Plan is independent, with no religious, political or governmental affiliations.

World Bank Data On Gender Site

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Gender-disaggregated data is essential to the planning and implementation of gender-informed development projects. The sources below provide up-to-date information on gender across a variety of sectors.

  • eAtlas mapping tool, developed in cooperation with Harper Collins UK, allows users to transform data into customized visual comparisons across time, countries, and regions. The resulting full color maps and graphs can subsequently be exported for sharing, used in presentations, and saved for later use.
  • The Enterprise Surveys database provides firm-level data on women's entrepreneurship and participation in the labor force.
  • GenderStats  
    • A one stop source of information on gender at the country level.
    • A compilation of data on key gender topics from national statistics agencies, United Nations databases, and World Bank-conducted or funded surveys.
    • A work-in-progress because the database is continuously updated as new information becomes available.
  • Key Gender Employment Indicators 
  • Women, Business and the Law
    Women, Business and the Law presents indicators based on laws and regulations affecting women's prospects as entrepreneurs and employees in 128 economies across 6 topics.
  • Assessing Vulnerability for Women and Children, March 2009
  • Edstats
    Education Statistics was designed and developed by the World Bank's Education Group of the Human Development Network and the Development Economics Data Group drawing on data from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, OECD and other international agencies. Its purpose is to compile education data from a variety of national and international sources in order to provide information on pertinent educational topics.
  • MDG Indicators 
    The Millennium Development Goals commit the international community to an expanded vision of development, one that vigorously promotes human development as the key to sustaining social and economic progress in all countries, and recognizes the importance of creating a global partnership for development. The goals have been commonly accepted as a framework for measuring development progress.
  • Sector Tools and Data

World Bank EAtlas Of Gender

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World Bank eAtlas of Gender, the latest in a suite of user-friendly, interactive electronic atlases, allows users to map and graph dozens of gender indicators over time and across countries. ...

It allows users to see how a country fares on several dimensions of well-being and empowerment by clicking on an indicator after a keyword search. When the indicator is selected, a world map appears, showing the latest data for more than 200 economies.

With this eAtlas, you can

  • Map more than 80 World Bank indicators worldwide
  • Compare and view two maps simultaneously
  • Animate maps to show change over time
  • View all data in ranking tables and charts alongside maps
  • Export maps and data for use in presentations and more
  • Import your own data

 

Accountability For Maternal Health Care In South Africa. Human Rights Watch

Health South Africa Mothers Trackbacks (0)
“Stop Making Excuses” : Accountability for Maternal Health Care in South Africa
Human Rights Watch, August 8, 2011
 

This report documents maternity care failures that include abuse of maternity patients by health workers and substandard care in Eastern Cape Province, putting women and their newborns at high risk of death or injury. It examines shortcomings in the tools used by health authorities to identify and correct health system failures that contribute to poor maternal health. Eastern Cape has some of the worst health indicators in South Africa, including high infant, child, and maternal mortality rates. But analyses by government and other public health experts show that other regions experience the same problems, including negative attitudes by health workers, poor quality care, administrative and financial management inefficiencies, and lack of accountability for health system failures.

 

The Rape Of Men

Rape and sexual violence Men Trackbacks (0)

Sexual violence is one of the most horrific weapons of war, an instrument of terror used against women. Yet huge numbers of men are also victims. In this harrowing report, Will Storr travels to Uganda to meet traumatised survivors, and reveals how male rape is endemic in many of the world's conflicts.
The Observer, Sunday 17 July 2011

Of all the secrets of war, there is one that is so well kept that it exists mostly as a rumour. It is usually denied by the perpetrator and his victim. Governments, aid agencies and human rights defenders at the UN barely acknowledge its possibility. Yet every now and then someone gathers the courage to tell of it. This is just what happened on an ordinary afternoon in the office of a kind and careful counsellor in Kampala, Uganda. For four years Eunice Owiny had been employed by Makerere University's Refugee Law Project (RLP) to help displaced people from all over Africa work through their traumas...

It's not just in East Africa that these stories remain unheard. One of the few academics to have looked into the issue in any detail is Lara Stemple, of the University of California's Health and Human Rights Law Project. Her study Male Rape and Human Rights notes incidents of male sexual violence as a weapon of wartime or political aggression in countries such as Chile, Greece, Croatia, Iran, Kuwait, the former Soviet Union and the former Yugoslavia. Twenty-one per cent of Sri Lankan males who were seen at a London torture treatment centre reported sexual abuse while in detention. In El Salvador, 76% of male political prisoners surveyed in the 1980s described at least one incidence of sexual torture. A study of 6,000 concentration-camp inmates in Sarajevo found that 80% of men reported having been raped...

The research by Lara Stemple at the University of California doesn't only show that male sexual violence is a component of wars all over the world, it also suggests that international aid organisations are failing male victims. Her study cites a review of 4,076 NGOs that have addressed wartime sexual violence. Only 3% of them mentioned the experience of men in their literature. "Typically," Stemple says, "as a passing reference."...

"International human rights law leaves out men in nearly all instruments designed to address sexual violence,"...

http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2011/jul/17/the-rape-of-men

SADC Gender Protocol 2010 Barometer

Gender Equity SADC Trackbacks (0)

 

It is almost two years since the adoption of the SADC Protocol on Gender and Development and we find ourselves in a momentous turn of the decade: 2010 marks the 15th Anniversary of Beijing Plus Fifteen; the 10th Anniversary of the Millennium Development Goals; the 10th Anniversary of the UN Security Resolution Council 1325; the launch of the African Decade for Women (2010-2020) of the African Union and Soccer 2010 came to Africa for the first time

More significant when Heads of State meet in Windhoek in August this year they will celebrate SADC's 30th Anniversary while it is expected that the celebrations will coincide with Member States first reports to the SADC Secretariat on the progress in implementing the SADC Protocol on Gender and Development.

This study is a sequel to the 2009 Gender Protocol Baseline Barometer and has become the Southern Africa Gender Protocol Alliance's benchmarking tool towards the realisation of the 28 targets set for 2015 which incorporate and enhance the existing African and global commitments. The Barometer builds on information obtained in 2009 but remains for many reasons:

  • It provides a regional synthesis of SADC's performance against the 28 targets
  • It is an independent analysis - drawing on country reports by researchers and experts
  • It has a citizen score card giving voice to ordinary citizens -where an annual score is obtained at country level and across sectors. There is a SADC Gender protocol quiz to gauge citizens' awareness
  • It provides an accountability tool for civil society as well as governments
  • This particular edition features practical examples of the SADC Gender Protocol @ Work and has a new chapter on peace building and conflict resolution.
Overall there is a 1% decline of how citizens view government performance from 55% in 2009 to 54% in 2010. As we reflect on the 2010 Barometer findings, an important step forward is for all SADC governments that have signed to commit to ratification of the Gender Protocol before 2010 comes to a close, especially with only five years to go before the 2015 deadline. The Barometer is produced annually.

 

Files to download:
  Contents, Executive Summary - 378 KB
  Chapter 1: Constitutional and legal rights - 924 KB
  Chapter 2: Governance - 808 KB
  Chapter 3: Education and Training - 728 KB
  Chapter 4: Productive resources and employment - 1 028 KB
  Chapter 5: Gender based violence - 826 KB
  Chapter 6: Health - 627 KB
  Chapter 7: HIV and AIDS - 834 KB
  Chapter 8: Peace Building - 664 KB
  Chapter 9: Media, Information and Communication - 915 KB
  Chapter 10: Implementation - 781 KB
  Bibliiography - 428 KB

Gender Law Library

Law Trackbacks (0)
The Gender Law Library is a free database containing legal provisions from 183 economies around the world that directly or indirectly affect women’s economic status, including women’s ability to find jobs, engage in business activities, and become entrepreneurs. It includes national statutory provisions, constitutional provisions, international treaties, decrees, regulations and more. Many materials were added to the collection because they explicitly address women; others were chosen because they have a disparate impact on women. All are intended to serve as objective indicators of the status of women, not to judge or rank countries. The database is designed to assist researchers not only with locating pertinent provisions, but also with conducting comparative analysis of the laws and ultimately creating “reforms that can enhance women’s full economic participation.” The materials are generally organized into categories including geographic region, income level grouping, legal topic, and type of law. Categories may be accessed individually or via a selection of a combination thereof. The more efficient manner by which to access materials, however, is through six unique indicators located on the left side of the homepage. The indicators were deliberately designed by the database creators to organize its contents in a more practical manner. They group the laws according to women’s legal abilities in the following categories: “accessing institutions,” “using property,” “getting a job,” “dealing with taxes,” “building credit,” and “going to court.” Selecting a single indicator will in turn create a list of more narrow topics from which to choose. Ultimately, all queries are conducted through a selection of indicators and categories; no search feature is available for entering customized search terms. As a result, some browsing may be necessary to locate a specific document, but the system is very efficient overall. Materials are typically provided in searchable PDF documents, but occasionally the database links the researcher to an outside website. The collection was gathered over a two year period ending in October, 2009, and although the collection is updated regularly, the site makes no guarantee that the laws are current, or that the materials are exhaustive. Official translations are indicated as such; all other translations are unofficial. The database is hosted by the World Bank, and supported by the World Bank’s Gender Action Plan and the Norwegian Trust Fund. From  InSITE, a Current Awareness Service of Cornell Law Library

Living With Economic Insecurity: Women In Precarious Work. International Trade Union Confederation

Women Work Trackbacks (0)
CONTENTS
 
Introduction and key findings 5

The initial impact of the global economic crisis on employment, which has left at least 27 million people without jobs, as been well documented. This report analyses recent international research from a range of sources, highlighting a second wave of employment impacts which affects women in particular, and which is poorly reflected in official statistics and government policies. The pre-existing long-term trend towards precarious employment arrangements and increasing informalisation of the labour market has been markedly accelerated by the crisis, leaving more and more women without employment and income security, and further driving their wages down.

This report looks at women’s economic insecurity focussing on the precariousness of their employment situation. It analyses global trends in the world of work from a gender perspective including the devastating impact of the 2008 global economic recession. It stresses that there is a second wave impact of the crisis on women which is insufficiently recognized. The report underlines the boom of precarious and informal work in virtually all countries. The 2008 economic crisis has Only accelerated an already rapid process of informalisation of work. It finds that women are most affected by these labour market trends and highlights how the overrepresentation of women in insecure forms of work undermines women’s rights, perpetuates gender inequalities in societies and dampens the prospects for sustainable economic progress.

The report challenges the blanket assumption that the increased participation of women in the labour market has provided them with the sufficient means to build economic security. It makes an urgent call to governments to shine the light on the poor quality of the jobs many women hold.

The report maintains that standard indicators and data used to measure developments on labour markets fail to capture the extent to which women are being driven into increasing economic insecurity. Over the last decades, millions of women have been pushed into financial vulnerability making their present and their future unstable. Too often, data on the particular situation of women is lacking.

Finally in the concluding section of the report, governments and trade unions are urged to take action in four key areas:
  • l Shifting policy to focus on the creation of quality jobs
  • l Implementing gender equality measures on the labour market
  • l Providing universal access to social security through the implementation of a social protection floor for all workers regardless of their employment situation
  • l Taking up the challenge of organising workers in insecure forms of work.
Implementing these recommendations would be a major step in helping women to move out of informal and precarious
jobs, and increase their access to decent work. For a decent life!

1. Living with economic insecurity 7
1.1 The effects of the global economic crisis 7
1.2 A gendered perspective of the global economic crisis 7
2. Living with insecure employment 11
2.1 Precarious work 11
2.2 The informal economy and informal employment 18
2.3 Vulnerable work and female working poor 19
3. Living with low wages 21
3.1 Economic crisis cuts global wage growth by half 21
3.2 Wage inequality, low pay and gender 21
3.3 Unequal Pay for Women in Industrialised Economies: the case of part-time workers 22

Recommendations 23

Link to full-text

Portrayal Of Women In Nigerian English-Language Films

Women Film Trackbacks (0)

Nollywood and the Femme Fatale: The portrayal of women in Nigerian English-language films

Written by Aidan Prinsloo

When Nigerian film first appeared on the scene in 1992 with Keneth Nnuebe’s Living in Bondage, poor quality and obscurity threatened to overwhelm this tiny industry. Nigerian English-language film, or ‘Nollywood’ as it is commonly referred to, is now the world’s second most productive film industry (Bollywood is the most productive).(2) Thanks to the easily accessible medium, the English language, Nollywood films are being watched not only throughout Nigeria, but also across Africa. They even have a strong following in the Caribbean and among African-Americans.(3) Nollywood films cover a range of real life issues such as “premarital sex, money problems, victimisation of women, jealousy, college life, and independent women balancing their professions and family life,”(4) which are not unique to Nigeria. The subject matter is however explored from a uniquely African perspective. “For the first time and in the purest, rawest form, Africa is representing and interpreting Africa,” states Zina Saro-Wiwa.(5) This statement seems to ignore the pre-existence of African art, poetry and theatre which have played this role in the past, but certainly picks up on the fact that Nollywood makes African representations and interpretations of Africa more widely available for enjoyment and analysis. In addition, Nollywood’s representations of women are highly valuable windows for those who wish to gain more insights into African feminist discourses...[More] Consultancy Africa Intelligence

The Clinic As A Gendered Space... Consultancy Africa Intelligence

HIV and AIDS Africa Men Trackbacks (0)

The clinic as a gendered space: Masculinities, health seeking behaviour and HIV & AIDS

Written by Hanlie Myburgh

Many studies find that men visit public health care facilities much less frequently than do women,(2,3) which has some significance for the poor uptake of men in voluntary counselling and testing services (VCTs) for HIV. A number of explanations have been given for this phenomenon, some of which focus on constructions of masculinity as a barrier to seeking health care. This paper draws on a relatively unexamined reason for men’s lack of attendance in public health care facilities which resonate strongly with debates around masculinity: that men view the clinic as women’s space. As many clinics are run mainly by women, holding positions as nurses and counsellors, and are also primarily attended by women and children, men may find visiting the clinic cumbersome and embarrassing, as it challenges traditional and hegemonic notions of masculinity. This paper focuses on the particularities of masculinity and health seeking behaviour in an African context... [More]

Women In Agriculture Closing The Gender Gap For Development

Women Agriculture Trackbacks (0)

 

The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-11: Women in Agriculture Closing the gender gap for development is now available. The report notes that women make significant contributions to the rural economy in all developing country regions. Read more and download the report in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Spanish and Russian.

Exploring Linkages : Women's Empowerment, Microfinance And Health Education. UNFPA

Empowerment, including Enfranchisement Trackbacks (0)

The year 2010 marked the 15th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action at the Fourth World Conference on Women (1995). Among its many recommendations for achieving gender equality and equity is a call for access to financial services as a means of empowering women, especially the millions of women who live in impoverished and marginalized conditions around the world. 

This e-publication highlights the results of a survey of women clients of microfinance institutions in 14 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, with a special focus on the effects of the social services provided by those institutions. It  finds that microfinance, when offered in conjunction with health education services, can both empower women and improve their sexual and reproductive health.

The survey teams conducted personal interviews with 2,533 female clients of microfinance institutions. This preliminary study was conducted to better understand and evaluate the impact of microfinance on women’s empowerment and the impact of microfinance-related health education services on their sexual and reproductive health.

Download PDF

2011 Humanitarian Action For Children.UNICEF

Women Children, including infants Disasters and Emergencies Trackbacks (0)

Building resilience: 2011 Humanitarian Action for Children

UNICEF's '2011 Humanitarian Action for Children' report, which appeals for $1.4 billion to aid children and women affected by increasingly severe emergencies worldwide.

 

Download '2011 Humanitarian Action for Children' [PDF]

 “Strengthening communities and enabling them to manage anticipated risks before crisis strikes is not only critical to reducing their suffering when emergencies arise,” said UNICEF Deputy Executive Director Hilde F. Johnson. “It also shortens their road to recovery.”

Catastrophic floods in Pakistan, and an earthquake that killed hundreds of thousands in Haiti, were just two examples of disasters that overwhelmed already fragile nations last year. “We know that the number of natural disasters and people affected is growing year by year,” said UNICEF Director of Emergency Programmes Louis-Georges Arsenault.

Crises in 32 countries

Around the world, millions are affected by drought, famine, violent conflict and long-term displacement. ‘Humanitarian Action for Children’ highlights 32 countries and stresses the need to help vulnerable communities to help themselves.

 
 
 

The report also requests funding to respond to so-called forgotten crises, such as those in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Afghanistan. In addition to basic needs such as water, food and education, the children and families affected by these emergencies need protection from violence and abuse.

“It’s about making sure that communities have a better capacity to absorb risk or threat, triggered either by natural disaster or conflict,” said Mr. Arsenault. “It’s about ensuring that there is a level of preparedness.”


Emergency preparedness

Whether it means teaching children disaster safety techniques or constructing sturdier health clinics and schools, preparation not only saves lives – it builds confidence and hope in the future.

 
 
 

UNICEF is appealing for a 21 per cent increase in emergency funding over the 2010 level. This amount reflects the growing severity and frequency of natural disasters, as well as the need for immediate action to avert the worst impact of crises to come.

“After a year of devastating natural disaster and human tragedy, it has never been more timely to strengthen the resilience of people and communities who are placed in harm’s way again and again,” said Ms. Johnson.

“It’s true that the financial environment is very difficult, but we have to make a strong case that we want to be able to decrease the need in the future,” added Mr. Arsenault. “We need to invest now.

 

WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE Closing The Gender Gap For Development

Women Agriculture Trackbacks (0)

THE STATE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010-2011. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS, Rome, 2011 

Download Full PDF

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword   (Download pdf 495 Kb)
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations and acronyms

PART I - Women in agriculture: closing the gender gap for development

1. The gender gap in agriculture  (Download pdf 215 Kb)

    Structure of the report and key messages
    Key messages of the report

2. Women’s work (Download pdf 498 Kb)

    Women in agriculture
    Women in rural labour markets
    Key messages

3. Documenting the gender gap in agriculture (Download pdf 693 Kb)

    Land
    Livestock
    Farm labour
    Education
    Information and extension
    Financial services
    Technology
    Key messages

4. Gains from closing the gender gap (Download pdf 130 Kb)

    Productivity of male and female farmers
    Production gains from closing the gender gap
    Other social and economic benefits of closing the gender gap
    Key messages

5. Closing the gender gap in agriculture and rural employment (Download pdf 105 Kb)

    Closing the gap in access to land
    Closing the gap in rural labour markets
    Closing the financial services gap
    Closing the gap in social capital through women’s groups
    Closing the technology gap
    Key messages

6. Closing the gender gap for development (Download pdf 47 Kb)

PART II - World food and agriculture in review (Download pdf 1Mb)

    Trends in undernourishment
    Food production, consumption and trade during the crises
    Recent trends in agricultural prices: a higher price plateau, and greater price volatility
    Conclusions

PART III - Statistical annex (Download pdf 374 Kb)

    Notes on the Annex tables

    Table A1  Total population, female share of population and rural share of population
                   in 1980, 1995 and 2010

    Table A2  Female share of national, rural and urban population aged 15–49, most
                   recent and earliest observations

    Table A3  Economically active population, female share of economically active population and
                   agricultural share of economically active women in 1980, 1995 and 2010

    Table A4  Economically active population, agricultural share of economically active population
                   and female share of economically active in agriculture in 1980, 1995 and 2010

    Table A5  Share of households in rural areas that are female-headed, most recent and earliest
                   observations, and total agricultural holders and female share of agricultural holders,
                   most recent observation

    Table A6  Share of adult population with chronic energy deficiency (CED – body mass index
                   less than 18.5) by sex and share of children underweight by sex, residence and
                   household wealth quintile, most recent observations
References (Download pdf  233 Kb)
Special chapters of The State of Food and Agriculture