Surgery <\/strong>by Dorothy Kay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nVisitors are introduced to\nthe museum by a large high-resolution copy of the painting Surgery by Dorothy\nKay depicting a female patient undergoing surgery in Port Elizabeth in 1937. In\nthe absence of monitoring equipment prevalent in a modern operating theatre the\nonlooker is captivated by the central figure of the anaesthetist using his\nsenses to monitor the state of the patient. The patient is being anaesthetised\nby chloroform or ether via a Shipway apparatus and a Schimmelbusch mask covered\nby cloth. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Early history of anaesthesia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe public demonstration by\nBoston dentist WJG Morton in October 1846 that ether could annul the pain of\nsurgery was a turning point in medicine. The news spread rapidly around the\nworld. In April 1847 ether was being used in Cape Town for dental extractions\nand in June 1847 Dr William Guybon Atherstone, manufactured ether, designed a inhaler,\nand administered ether for the mid-thigh amputation of a patient\u2019s leg in\nGrahamstown. World Anaesthesia Day is celebrated\nannually on the 16th<\/sup> October. Facsimiles of both Morton\u2019s and\nAtherstone\u2019s inhaler are displayed in the museum. <\/p>\n\n\n\nMorton Inhaler<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>Atherstone Inhaler<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\nEarly South African anaesthetists travelled overseas for training and brought back a variety of anaesthetic equipment much of which survived and is on display in the museum. Early artifacts include a variety of wire masks that were covered with gauze over which ether or chloroform was dropped to provide anaesthesia, a Clover\u2019s portable regulating ether inhaler manufactured in 1877, and an Esmarch\u2019s chloroform inhaler designed in 1867 for use on the battlefield, and was that was still used during the Second World War.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Clover Inhaler c. 1877Junkers inhaler with leather case c. 1867<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\nThe University of Cape Town\u2019s Medical School, South Africa\u2019s first, started teaching anaesthesia to medical students in their fourth year of study at the New Somerset Hospital in 1921. United Kingdom trained Dr G.W. Bampfylde Daniell was appointed as the Universities first lecturer in anaesthetics. Several items belonging to Daniell are owned by the museum. As in the United Kingdom, the majority of doctors practicing anesthesia in state hospitals at that time were employed as honorary anesthetists receiving remuneration from the surgeon employing them in private practice. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dr George W Bampfylde Daniell<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nAnaesthetics at UCT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nIn 1921 New Zealand born and Edinburgh trained, Dr Royden Muir emigrated to Cape Town and joined Dr Daniell in practice and as a part-time lecturer in anaesthesia. He brought with him the so-called Pinson \u201cether bomb\u201d and a rare, portable Boyles anaesthetic machine designed in 1917 by English anaesthetist Dr Henry Boyle. Both items are on display. The collection traces the development of subsequent Boyles machines that gradually allowed more accurate control of gas flows and pressure from the gas cylinders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pinson Ether Bomb, c. 1916<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li>Boyles Machine c. 1917<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\nA Rapidly Expanding Field<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nIn the 1930s, several South African anaesthetists including Muir travelled to the UK and USA to learn from leaders in the rapidly expanding field. They brought back new ideas on the training of anaesthetists, as well as modern equipment, that included apparatus to administer the new, explosive anaesthetic, agent cyclopropane. Several items from this era are on display. They include the \u201cMuir Midget\u201d, commissioned by Muir in the USA to meet the needs of SA anaesthetists in private practice who at that time had to carry equipment from nursing home to nursing home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Origins of the Dr Nagin Parbhoo Museum <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe collection was started in earnest by the UCT Head of Anaesthesia, Dr C.S. (Buck) Jones in November 1956 after the donation by Dr Lindsay van der Spuy of equipment to the UCT Department of valuable early equipment that had belonged to Royden Muir. Initially housed in the office of the HoD at the UCT Medical School the collection moved to the New Groote Schuur Hospital building after it opened in 1989. The museum is named after Dr Nagin Parbhoo the honorary curator of the museum who had sourced many artefacts from hospitals in the Western Cape and commissioned eight oak and glass display oak and glass display cabinets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
McKesson Anaesthetic Machine c.1920<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\nAdvances in Ventilation <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nUntil the 1960s patients requiring ventilation during anaesthesia were ventilated manually by squeezing a rubber bag containing anaesthetic gases. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
The collection possesses a wide range of ventilators ranging from the tiny Minivent designed by Johannesburg anaesthetist Dr Anthony Cohen in 1965 in an era when private anaesthetists had to carry equipment from hospital to hospital, to the huge Dr\u00e4ger Iron Lung weighing 620kg that was used in Cape Town during the polio epidemics of the 1950s.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDrager E52 Iron Lung c 1956<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nCohen’s Minivent Ventilator c 1965<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n‘the Amazing Mini-vent Ventilator’ on display at the museum <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nVentilators on display at the Dr. Nagin Parbhoo History of Anaesthesia Museum, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Water column for measuring blood pressure c. 1956<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nWhen Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital opened in 1956 there was no equipment for measuring blood pressure in tiny neonates undergoing surgery. Dr Tom Voss solved the problem by cannulating an artery and measuring the blood pressure by the height of a column of water attached to the catheter. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
This technique was adopted by Groote Schuur Hospital and Tygerberg Hospital for measuring patient\u2019s blood pressure in the ICU after surgery. The technique became obsolete with the introduction of electronic manometers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Remembering South African Innovations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nProf. Arthur Bull<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nA section of the museum is dedicated to anaesthetic equipment invented by South African anaesthetists. It includes the Taurus<\/em> blood warmer developed in a collaborative project between the UCT Departments of Anaesthesia and Electronic Engineering. Named after UCT\u2019s Professor Arthur Bull it became an essential piece of equipment to avoid hypothermia and possible cardiac arrest when rapid transfusion of cold refrigerated blood was required. A bronze bust of Professor Bull commissioned by the Cape Western Branch of the SA Society of Anaesthetists and presented to Bull on his retirement was subsequently donated to the museum.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTaurus Blood Warmer<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\nA section of the museum is devoted to the South African Society of Anaesthetists (SASA), the world\u2019s 9th oldest national society of anaesthesia when it was formed with 26 members in 1943. Currently membership stands at over 2000 in 2019. The display includes photographs, SASA Guidelines for Anaesthesia, and posters advertising the 2008 World Congress of Anaesthesiologists organised by the SASA and held in Cape Town. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Founding members of South African Anaesthetists Association 1943<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nThe UCT Department of Anaesthesia has evolved from an ancillary department of Surgery in 1921 run by part-time anaesthetists to a world respected Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine. The department\u2019s history is remembered by photographs of previous heads of department, boards honouring members of the department who have been awarded medals in the College of Anaesthetists examinations, recent publications, and posters commemorating the pioneering roles played by Dr Joseph Ozinsky in establishing the successful heart transplant programme initiated by Professor Christian Barnard, and Professor Gaisford Harrison\u2019s role in documenting and reducing anaesthetic mortality at Groote Schuur Hospital over 30 years. He also established the porcine model of the fatal condition Malignant Hyperthermia and then discovered that the drug Dantrolene could terminate the syndrome. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
The museum aims to preserve the history of the department and anaesthesia in South Africa. Artefacts in the Collection provide a valuable resource for both researchers. and for those involved with teaching medical students and registrars in training. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Visit the museum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nThe museum forms part of an active department and visitors wishing to do so are welcome. Appointments can be made by e-mailing Peter Gordon, the Honorary Curator at peter.gordon@uct.ac.za<\/a>, or Dr Robert Nieuwveld (Assistant Honorary Curator) at robert.nieuwveld@uct.ac.za<\/a> or by telephoning the Department Secretary Mrs. C Wyngaard at +27 21 404 5004. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"by Dr. Peter Gordon (Honorary Curator, Emeritus Professor, UCT) The Nagin Parbhoo History of Anaesthesia Museum is housed in the University of Cape Town\u2019s Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[24,30,32,25,29,26,27,33,28,31],"yoast_head":"\n
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<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/blogs.uct.ac.za\/memory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/McKesson-anaesthetic-machine-1920-717x1024.jpg\")
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