{"id":193,"date":"2015-11-04T12:30:26","date_gmt":"2015-11-04T10:30:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.uct.ac.za\/moocs\/?p=193"},"modified":"2015-11-04T12:46:53","modified_gmt":"2015-11-04T10:46:53","slug":"thinking-and-feeling-whats-the-difference","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.uct.ac.za\/moocs\/2015\/11\/thinking-and-feeling-whats-the-difference\/","title":{"rendered":"Thinking and feeling: what\u2019s the difference?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Article is reposted from the <a href=\"https:\/\/about.futurelearn.com\/blog\/thinking-and-feeling-whats-the-difference\/\">Futurelearn blog<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Professor Mark Solms is the lead educator on the University of Cape Town\u2019s free online course \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.futurelearn.com\/courses\/what-is-a-mind?utm_source=FL_blog&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=FL_blog\">What Is a Mind?<\/a>\u201d Here, he discusses the difference between thinking and feeling, and the role that instinct plays.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.uct.ac.za\/moocs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/professor-mark-solms-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-210 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.uct.ac.za\/moocs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/professor-mark-solms-2.jpg\" alt=\"professor-mark-solms-2\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.uct.ac.za\/moocs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/professor-mark-solms-2.jpg 640w, https:\/\/blogs.uct.ac.za\/moocs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/professor-mark-solms-2-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The distinction between thinking and feeling (cognition and emotion) is obviously a fundamental one in relation to what the mind does. One of the themes that I\u2019ll develop in \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.futurelearn.com\/courses\/what-is-a-mind?utm_source=FL_blog&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=FL_blog\">What Is a Mind?<\/a>\u201d is the notion that feelings present problems. That is, they represent needs; they represent demands upon the mind to perform work.<\/p>\n<p>Feelings make us aware that something unexpected (or something unpredicted or something uncertain) is occurring. When I say that feelings represent demands upon the mind to perform work, what I mean is that they represent demands on thinking. The <em>work <\/em>of the mind is thinking.<\/p>\n<h2>Thoughts are ways of dealing with feelings<\/h2>\n<p>In the primary case, in the standard situation, feelings come first. Thoughts are ways of dealing with feelings \u2013 ways of, as it were, thinking our way out of feelings \u2013 ways of finding solutions that meets the needs that lie behind the feelings.<\/p>\n<p>The feelings come first in both a hierarchical and a chronological sense. A little neonate (newborn mammal) has no thoughts to speak of, to begin with; it is a little bundle of feelings. Thinking derives from learning, that is, from experience.<\/p>\n<p>The apparatus for thinking then works on the material we have internalised, from the solutions we\u2019ve experienced, as to how our needs can be met in the world. These solutions are, of course, initially provided by caregivers. (That is why parenting is important.) On this basis, <a href=\"https:\/\/about.futurelearn.com\/blog\/do-babies-have-a-mind\/\">thinking gradually develops<\/a> and teaches us how to manage our feelings \u2013 how to solve the problems that feelings represent.<\/p>\n<h2>Thinking can become very elaborate<\/h2>\n<p>Once that has happened, though, thinking can become very elaborate. To mention just the most obvious case, a thought, which\u00a0has developed in relation to a particular feeling, can be re-thought.<\/p>\n<p>If that thought is activated from thinking itself, it can, in turn, reactivate the feeling that goes with it, especially if it\u2019s a thought (that is, a problem-solving process) that\u00a0has not properly mastered the feeling in question. That will reactivate the feeling. So, later in development, thinking can make feelings come second. But that\u2019s a derivative process, once a mature thinking apparatus exists.<\/p>\n<h2>Thoughts are internalized experiences<\/h2>\n<p>We must remember that thoughts are just an internalized version of our perceptual experiences of the world.\u00a0All thoughts, as distinct from feelings, have a perceptual format that is derived from sensory images. (This applies also to thinking in words.) They are internalisations of our experience of the world; what Freud called the \u201creality principle\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>So when we are feeling our way through a problem using thoughts, we are, as it were, feeling our way through a virtual form of reality, feeling our way through representations of reality.<\/p>\n<p>The function of thinking, in this sense, <em>stands for<\/em> reality. It\u2019s a virtual space in which we can work out, in the safety of our minds, what to do in relation to reality, before we actually put solutions into effect. In short: thoughts are interposed between feelings and actions.<\/p>\n<h2>Thinking and doing overlap<\/h2>\n<p>There is also an important overlap between thinking and doing in the world. One consequence of this overlap is that we might, in our doings in the world, avoid certain situations and certain places \u2013 for example, dizzying heights \u2013 because they make us feel something untoward (in this case, fear): \u201cI won\u2019t go there because I know that if I go there, I\u2019m going to feel scared.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s what the thought is doing, that is the work it performs. It guides what you do <em>and don\u2019t do<\/em> in relation to feelings that arise from virtual actions. That\u2019s one of the ways in which someone might develop, for example, a phobia. There are all sorts of complicated mental gymnastics that we get up to on the basis of the processes I\u2019ve just described.<\/p>\n<h2>Thinking is a refinement of instinct<\/h2>\n<p>This leads me to the topic of instincts. We do not have to work out our own solutions to all of life\u2019s problems on the basis of experience. In addition to what we work out for ourselves, and what our parents teach us, we also have certain in-built solutions to problems of universal biological significance.<\/p>\n<p>These solutions apply to things we cannot afford to learn from experience.\u00a0For example: \u201cI wonder what will happen if I jump off this cliff?\u201d The answer to that question would be the very last thing you learn. Thank heavens for instincts!<\/p>\n<p>But there are many, many problems that cannot be predicted by evolution (what happens if you poke your finger in an electric socket, for instance) and for these problems we need to learn from experience. The in-built solutions are too general and crude.<\/p>\n<p>There are more problems in the world, by far, than there are instincts. So the instincts need to be extended and elaborated, to cope with real-life situations in all their complexity. For that reason, thinking not only interposes itself between feelings (in general) and actions, but also between instinctual feelings and the automatic responses they would release. Thinking generates more nuanced action options.<\/p>\n<p>So \u2013 in general \u2013 thinking develops in order for us to manage feelings (and the needs they represent) in more flexible ways than our in-built instincts provide. Thinking is a refinement of instinct.<\/p>\n<h2>Feelings are not always bad things<\/h2>\n<p>What I have said might give the false impression that feelings are always bad things \u2013\u00a0but they aren\u2019t. Thinking tells you what action will deliver maximal pleasure just as much as the opposite. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.futurelearn.com\/courses\/what-is-a-mind?utm_source=FL_blog&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=FL_blog\">the course<\/a>, we\u2019ll delve more deeply into these workings of the mind, and how pleasure and unpleasure relate to thoughts and feelings.<\/p>\n<p>I mustn\u2019t try to cover everything before we have even begun\u2026<\/p>\n<p><strong>Want to know more? <a href=\"https:\/\/about.futurelearn.com\/blog\/what-is-a-mind\/\">Read Professor Solms\u2019s previous post for the FutureLearn blog<\/a> or join the free online course\u00a0\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.futurelearn.com\/courses\/what-is-a-mind?utm_source=FL_blog&amp;utm_medium=blog&amp;utm_campaign=FL_blog\">What is a Mind?<\/a>\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Article is reposted from the Futurelearn blog Professor Mark Solms is the lead educator on the University of Cape Town\u2019s free online course \u201cWhat Is a Mind?\u201d Here, he discusses [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[4,5],"class_list":["post-193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-moocs","tag-mark-solms","tag-what-is-mind"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Thinking and feeling: what\u2019s the difference? 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